1
00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:12,074
Advertise your product or brand here
contact www.OpenSubtitles.org today

2
00:00:36,150 --> 00:00:38,990
At the southern tip
of South America,

3
00:00:38,990 --> 00:00:42,030
the Andes Mountains
rise almost vertically.

4
00:00:49,150 --> 00:00:51,790
Their very height affects life

5
00:00:51,790 --> 00:00:53,390
throughout the continent.

6
00:00:57,230 --> 00:00:59,870
The barren slopes look inhospitable.

7
00:01:06,830 --> 00:01:09,310
But like all parts of South America,

8
00:01:09,310 --> 00:01:12,110
they're actually rich with wildlife.

9
00:01:22,870 --> 00:01:24,430
A family of puma.

10
00:01:31,430 --> 00:01:33,230
They live further south

11
00:01:33,230 --> 00:01:35,430
than any other kind of cat on Earth.

12
00:01:45,870 --> 00:01:48,550
These cubs are only six months old,

13
00:01:48,550 --> 00:01:51,990
entirely dependent
on their mother for food.

14
00:01:55,190 --> 00:01:59,830
She knows how to exploit this rugged
landscape to her advantage.

15
00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:10,230
And she has to do so,

16
00:02:10,230 --> 00:02:14,230
if she is to catch the continent's
most challenging prey.

17
00:02:35,190 --> 00:02:38,230
Guanaco, a relative of the camel.

18
00:02:43,550 --> 00:02:47,670
Two metres tall, and over
three times the weight of a puma.

19
00:02:50,750 --> 00:02:54,030
The mother's only hope
is to go for the throat

20
00:02:54,030 --> 00:02:56,190
and try to suffocate her prey.

21
00:03:06,310 --> 00:03:08,270
GUANACO TRILLS

22
00:03:48,070 --> 00:03:52,830
GUANACO TRILLS AND BLEATS

23
00:04:03,550 --> 00:04:04,950
Her cubs try to help.

24
00:04:16,510 --> 00:04:18,150
But they themselves don't yet

25
00:04:18,150 --> 00:04:19,750
have the skills or the weight

26
00:04:19,750 --> 00:04:21,990
to bring down such large prey.

27
00:04:35,310 --> 00:04:38,070
And the mother is now badly injured.

28
00:04:50,470 --> 00:04:52,110
Her wounds are severe

29
00:04:52,110 --> 00:04:54,710
and will take weeks
to heal properly.

30
00:05:05,910 --> 00:05:09,110
But without food,
her cubs won't survive for long.

31
00:05:26,710 --> 00:05:28,630
The weather in the Andes

32
00:05:28,630 --> 00:05:30,470
is harsh and unpredictable.

33
00:05:41,870 --> 00:05:43,750
Snow makes the camouflage

34
00:05:43,750 --> 00:05:45,230
on which she relies

35
00:05:45,230 --> 00:05:46,910
much less effective.

36
00:05:53,630 --> 00:05:55,230
But she must have food.

37
00:06:13,590 --> 00:06:16,790
The guanaco have left
her normal hunting ground.

38
00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:23,430
And are now in the territory

39
00:06:23,430 --> 00:06:25,590
of a much larger male puma.

40
00:06:29,350 --> 00:06:31,230
He's just made a kill.

41
00:06:31,230 --> 00:06:33,430
But he isn't about
to share it with her.

42
00:06:35,590 --> 00:06:37,110
To hunt here,

43
00:06:37,110 --> 00:06:39,150
she'll need to leave her cubs behind

44
00:06:39,150 --> 00:06:41,350
in the safety
of their home territory.

45
00:07:05,950 --> 00:07:09,270
Almost invisible in the shadows,

46
00:07:09,270 --> 00:07:12,030
she's nearly within
pouncing distance.

47
00:07:20,350 --> 00:07:21,910
GUANACO TRILLS

48
00:07:32,950 --> 00:07:41,070
Another failure.

49
00:08:04,270 --> 00:08:05,830
GUANACO BLEATS

50
00:08:10,350 --> 00:08:11,750
She's got her speed back.

51
00:08:29,630 --> 00:08:31,630
Now she must hold on.

52
00:08:39,990 --> 00:08:42,590
But she's in the male's territory,

53
00:08:42,590 --> 00:08:44,230
so her prize isn't safe.

54
00:08:48,550 --> 00:08:49,790
And her hungry cubs

55
00:08:49,790 --> 00:08:51,350
are almost a mile away.

56
00:08:57,710 --> 00:08:59,310
In her weakened state,

57
00:08:59,310 --> 00:09:01,670
she will need
all her reserves of energy

58
00:09:01,670 --> 00:09:04,190
to drag it back onto her territory.

59
00:09:16,750 --> 00:09:20,750
Only her determination to feed
her young keeps her going.

60
00:09:44,590 --> 00:09:45,830
Nearly there.

61
00:09:49,870 --> 00:09:51,270
PUMA SNARLS

62
00:10:04,630 --> 00:10:05,910
This one meal

63
00:10:05,910 --> 00:10:08,310
will barely last the whole family

64
00:10:08,310 --> 00:10:10,190
for more than a few days.

65
00:10:12,430 --> 00:10:15,710
Then, their mother - somehow -
will have to summon the strength

66
00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:16,790
to hunt again.

67
00:10:24,630 --> 00:10:29,190
Life for a hunter in this land
is as hard as it gets.

68
00:10:40,670 --> 00:10:45,550
The Andes themselves were built
by forces deep in the Earth's crust.

69
00:10:48,270 --> 00:10:50,430
In this part of the Pacific,

70
00:10:50,430 --> 00:10:54,630
the ocean floor has been moving
eastwards for millions of years.

71
00:10:58,670 --> 00:11:02,070
Where the sediments meet the edge
of the continent, they're pushed

72
00:11:02,070 --> 00:11:03,910
together and forced upwards.

73
00:11:07,790 --> 00:11:10,190
This pressure creates fractures,

74
00:11:10,190 --> 00:11:12,550
up which molten rock rises,

75
00:11:12,550 --> 00:11:17,030
and is then spewed out as ash
and lava from great volcanoes.

76
00:11:26,990 --> 00:11:31,630
Nearly 200 of them stretch in a line
along the length of the continent.

77
00:11:42,630 --> 00:11:47,350
Some erupt with the force of
an atomic bomb every ten seconds.

78
00:11:57,070 --> 00:12:01,870
As the collision continues,
the sea floor is dragged downwards,

79
00:12:01,870 --> 00:12:04,310
creating a deep trench
just offshore.

80
00:12:06,990 --> 00:12:10,030
Rich, cold waters rise up from it.

81
00:12:12,270 --> 00:12:16,110
And this upwelling
creates an abundance of life.

82
00:12:18,350 --> 00:12:21,390
BIRDS CAW

83
00:12:21,390 --> 00:12:23,830
SEA LIONS ROAR

84
00:12:25,190 --> 00:12:27,670
CAWING INTENSIFIES

85
00:12:28,830 --> 00:12:31,230
Here, on the coast of Peru,

86
00:12:31,230 --> 00:12:35,030
there are so many sea birds fishing
in the offshore waters

87
00:12:35,030 --> 00:12:38,470
that the cliffs are covered
in droppings over a metre thick.

88
00:12:40,910 --> 00:12:45,150
Humboldt penguins regard
the soft guano as a good material

89
00:12:45,150 --> 00:12:47,350
in which to dig their nest holes.

90
00:12:51,230 --> 00:12:53,110
But it's a messy business.

91
00:13:01,550 --> 00:13:05,910
It's the breeding season,
and more hopeful nesters arrive -

92
00:13:05,910 --> 00:13:07,710
spotless from swimming in the sea.

93
00:13:10,990 --> 00:13:14,630
Time for the residents to get
cleaned up and catch some fish

94
00:13:14,630 --> 00:13:16,350
for themselves and their chicks.

95
00:13:29,270 --> 00:13:33,910
To get to the sea, they cross the
remains of an old nesting ground.

96
00:13:48,910 --> 00:13:51,150
Only 100 metres to go.

97
00:14:04,110 --> 00:14:07,590
But the beach is already crowded
with sea lions.

98
00:14:13,750 --> 00:14:16,590
They, too, have come ashore
to raise their young.

99
00:14:24,870 --> 00:14:27,190
And they don't like being disturbed.

100
00:14:35,910 --> 00:14:40,630
To get through such a minefield
needs a bold and courageous leader.

101
00:14:47,830 --> 00:14:49,630
SEA LIONS ROAR

102
00:14:49,630 --> 00:14:50,710
A brave start.

103
00:14:56,550 --> 00:14:57,590
A dead end.

104
00:14:58,950 --> 00:15:00,270
Now he's in trouble.

105
00:15:07,990 --> 00:15:10,990
This is going to need
a bit of crowd surfing.

106
00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:35,190
But now,
all the sea lions are roused.

107
00:15:37,110 --> 00:15:39,030
Getting through them will be tricky.

108
00:16:10,110 --> 00:16:12,030
A cleansing bathe in the ocean...

109
00:16:13,350 --> 00:16:14,790
..well worth the effort.

110
00:16:18,470 --> 00:16:21,190
The animals living along
the Pacific Coast

111
00:16:21,190 --> 00:16:22,910
are cut off from the rest

112
00:16:22,910 --> 00:16:25,470
of South America by the Andes.

113
00:16:30,630 --> 00:16:34,070
They form a gigantic barrier,

114
00:16:34,070 --> 00:16:36,830
stretching over 4,000 miles

115
00:16:36,830 --> 00:16:38,990
from Patagonia in the south...

116
00:16:39,990 --> 00:16:41,590
..to Venezuela in the north.

117
00:16:47,350 --> 00:16:50,390
This is the world's
longest mountain range.

118
00:16:54,830 --> 00:16:57,870
Many peaks are over four miles high.

119
00:17:00,710 --> 00:17:04,590
They are so tall, they catch clouds.

120
00:17:04,590 --> 00:17:09,830
And so, create an environment
unlike any other on the continent.

121
00:17:22,870 --> 00:17:24,950
The cloud forest.

122
00:17:29,030 --> 00:17:33,990
Every high valley here has its own
unique plants and animals.

123
00:17:42,790 --> 00:17:46,190
One of them is the aptly-named
Pinocchio lizard.

124
00:17:47,870 --> 00:17:52,470
It was first recorded here
50 years ago - and then, lost.

125
00:17:52,470 --> 00:17:55,910
It's only recently
been rediscovered.

126
00:18:06,350 --> 00:18:11,710
Up here lives a creature so rare
that it's seldom seen,

127
00:18:11,710 --> 00:18:14,790
even by those scientists
who have come here to study it.

128
00:18:17,630 --> 00:18:19,310
The Andean bear.

129
00:18:21,550 --> 00:18:23,830
Only a few thousand remain.

130
00:18:33,990 --> 00:18:38,230
They eat mostly leaves and fruit,

131
00:18:38,230 --> 00:18:42,630
often clambering up to the very top
of the canopy to do so.

132
00:19:00,230 --> 00:19:03,030
He's looking for a type
of miniature avocado.

133
00:19:20,870 --> 00:19:22,470
30 metres up.

134
00:19:30,830 --> 00:19:34,670
The only fruit remaining here
is out on the thinnest branches -

135
00:19:34,670 --> 00:19:37,710
too thin to support
the weight of a bear.

136
00:19:44,470 --> 00:19:48,070
A more experienced bear
has turned up and wants a go.

137
00:19:55,030 --> 00:19:58,630
Time for young ones
to watch and learn how to do it.

138
00:20:03,430 --> 00:20:06,350
The trick is to bite the branch
just enough...

139
00:20:09,350 --> 00:20:12,870
..to make it swing down
and bring the fruit within reach.

140
00:20:28,070 --> 00:20:29,550
Whoops.

141
00:20:39,910 --> 00:20:43,150
Now there's a race to be
first on the ground to claim it.

142
00:21:06,230 --> 00:21:10,190
The moisture needed to create
a cloud forest only occurs

143
00:21:10,190 --> 00:21:11,550
above a certain altitude.

144
00:21:13,870 --> 00:21:17,430
So, each peak may now have
its own species.

145
00:21:22,270 --> 00:21:27,790
In Venezuela, there are similar
small worlds created not by rain,

146
00:21:27,790 --> 00:21:28,790
but by rock.

147
00:21:31,830 --> 00:21:36,750
A great layer of sandstone
once covered this entire area,

148
00:21:36,750 --> 00:21:38,350
but rivers cut through it.

149
00:21:42,470 --> 00:21:46,510
As the valleys widened,
the tablelands became first

150
00:21:46,510 --> 00:21:50,390
huge plateaus, then isolated,
flat-topped mountains...

151
00:21:58,190 --> 00:22:02,150
..and eventually towers and spires.

152
00:22:12,790 --> 00:22:16,990
On the tops of the bigger ones,
animals and plants have now become

153
00:22:16,990 --> 00:22:20,830
so different that they can be
counted as new species.

154
00:22:46,630 --> 00:22:49,190
There is no higher waterfall
in the world...

155
00:22:51,110 --> 00:22:52,430
..than this one.

156
00:22:55,590 --> 00:22:56,750
Angel Falls.

157
00:22:58,390 --> 00:23:00,870
Almost a kilometre
from top to bottom.

158
00:23:05,350 --> 00:23:08,870
The vertical cliffs surrounding
many of these mountains

159
00:23:08,870 --> 00:23:12,430
have kept them largely free
from human exploitation.

160
00:23:15,990 --> 00:23:19,350
No such barriers
have protected the lowlands...

161
00:23:21,230 --> 00:23:23,990
..but a few patches of forest
still remain.

162
00:23:28,030 --> 00:23:32,910
One in Colombia is the home of
one of the world's rarest monkeys.

163
00:23:36,350 --> 00:23:38,230
Cotton-topped tamarins.

164
00:23:39,510 --> 00:23:41,270
They're critically endangered.

165
00:23:48,950 --> 00:23:51,390
Only a few hundred families remain.

166
00:24:05,550 --> 00:24:08,270
They live largely on fruit

167
00:24:08,270 --> 00:24:10,910
and are particularly fond
of tree sap.

168
00:24:12,870 --> 00:24:17,630
This is packed with sugars,
so it also attracts insects.

169
00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:26,390
But tamarins like them, too -

170
00:24:26,390 --> 00:24:28,910
a little bit of protein
to add to their diet.

171
00:24:33,710 --> 00:24:38,790
There used to be over 50,000 species
of insect to choose from.

172
00:24:45,030 --> 00:24:49,110
But as the forest has shrunk around
them, it's becoming more difficult

173
00:24:49,110 --> 00:24:50,310
to find the right ones.

174
00:24:58,910 --> 00:24:59,910
COW MOOS

175
00:25:03,190 --> 00:25:05,830
South America is changing.

176
00:25:05,830 --> 00:25:07,230
MOOING CONTINUES

177
00:25:10,310 --> 00:25:15,310
Over 95% of Colombia's lowland
forest has now been cleared.

178
00:25:19,990 --> 00:25:22,630
Farming has taken the biggest share.

179
00:25:29,470 --> 00:25:32,630
This patch of forest
is now isolated.

180
00:25:39,910 --> 00:25:44,190
The few tamarin families here
are now cut off

181
00:25:44,190 --> 00:25:45,710
from the rest of their species.

182
00:25:48,030 --> 00:25:51,270
And beyond their boundary
lies an alien world.

183
00:25:54,750 --> 00:25:56,310
COW MOOS

184
00:25:59,630 --> 00:26:04,070
Today, more than 2,000 species
of animal in South America

185
00:26:04,070 --> 00:26:05,070
are under threat.

186
00:26:09,990 --> 00:26:14,590
All across the continent,
forest is being steadily cut down

187
00:26:14,590 --> 00:26:16,590
and replaced by farms.

188
00:26:25,110 --> 00:26:28,950
Images from space
reveal the scale of the destruction.

189
00:26:42,510 --> 00:26:46,750
Throughout South America as a whole,
an area of forest the size

190
00:26:46,750 --> 00:26:50,590
of a football pitch is being lost
every five seconds.

191
00:27:06,150 --> 00:27:08,870
Of all the forests at risk,

192
00:27:08,870 --> 00:27:12,870
perhaps the most precious lies
in the very heart of the continent.

193
00:27:15,310 --> 00:27:19,030
The Amazon rainforest,
the largest on Earth.

194
00:27:31,830 --> 00:27:35,270
Over two million species of
plants and animals now live here...

195
00:27:36,990 --> 00:27:41,390
..more than is found on any other
of the Earth's seven continents.

196
00:28:08,510 --> 00:28:12,590
Food is so abundant that some male
birds, instead of helping with

197
00:28:12,590 --> 00:28:16,630
nest duties, try to mate
with as many females as possible.

198
00:28:19,790 --> 00:28:23,070
This is a male mannequin
showing off to a female.

199
00:28:24,830 --> 00:28:26,830
He does so by dancing.

200
00:28:29,750 --> 00:28:32,590
And he has a team of
subordinate males to help him.

201
00:28:37,750 --> 00:28:42,030
By supporting him now, they may
themselves eventually become leaders

202
00:28:42,030 --> 00:28:43,750
and get a chance to mate.

203
00:28:51,990 --> 00:28:55,830
The team is assembled,
and the performance begins.

204
00:29:01,190 --> 00:29:02,750
She takes a closer look.

205
00:29:44,150 --> 00:29:47,870
The top male signals the end
with a final flourish.

206
00:29:58,670 --> 00:29:59,790
What's the verdict?

207
00:30:08,030 --> 00:30:09,110
Not good enough.

208
00:30:10,590 --> 00:30:12,150
Unbelievable.

209
00:30:17,150 --> 00:30:19,230
So...it's back to practising.

210
00:30:32,630 --> 00:30:37,230
Each animal species in this crowded
environment has to have its own way

211
00:30:37,230 --> 00:30:39,270
of creating a niche for itself.

212
00:30:45,830 --> 00:30:48,550
This is a poison dart frog.

213
00:30:50,110 --> 00:30:53,350
Males raise their young
in a very special way.

214
00:30:57,230 --> 00:31:01,030
A father will place each one
of his tadpoles in its own

215
00:31:01,030 --> 00:31:02,870
tiny pool of water.

216
00:31:04,310 --> 00:31:06,950
This is one - nice and safe.

217
00:31:11,590 --> 00:31:14,550
He might have
up to five other tadpoles...

218
00:31:16,910 --> 00:31:19,750
..but he needs to remember
where he put each one of them.

219
00:31:23,590 --> 00:31:25,430
This one isn't doing so well.

220
00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:30,310
His tiny puddle
has all but dried out.

221
00:31:31,750 --> 00:31:35,070
The tadpole will die
unless its father can find

222
00:31:35,070 --> 00:31:36,190
a better place for it.

223
00:31:39,430 --> 00:31:40,990
If dads are good for one thing...

224
00:31:42,390 --> 00:31:44,310
..it's piggyback rides.

225
00:31:54,430 --> 00:31:58,310
Fathers are no bigger than a human
thumbnail, but this enables them

226
00:31:58,310 --> 00:32:00,750
to get to places that others can't.

227
00:32:03,190 --> 00:32:04,830
This could be perfect.

228
00:32:11,550 --> 00:32:14,350
The only problem
is that there's no food here.

229
00:32:17,230 --> 00:32:18,990
Fathers need help.

230
00:32:25,430 --> 00:32:27,190
Somewhere in this forest...

231
00:32:30,430 --> 00:32:32,630
..is...

232
00:32:32,630 --> 00:32:33,670
..Mum.

233
00:32:47,670 --> 00:32:50,590
A female could do something
a male cannot.

234
00:32:54,390 --> 00:32:58,710
But first, Dad must lead
his partner to their hungry tadpole.

235
00:33:13,750 --> 00:33:15,710
And Mother deals with the problem.

236
00:33:19,430 --> 00:33:22,390
She lays a single unfertilised egg.

237
00:33:30,990 --> 00:33:34,430
And her tadpole
gets a much-needed meal.

238
00:33:37,950 --> 00:33:42,550
For the next six weeks,
parents continue their rounds -

239
00:33:42,550 --> 00:33:45,550
an extraordinary test
of teamwork and memory.

240
00:33:52,070 --> 00:33:54,350
Warmed by the tropical sun,

241
00:33:54,350 --> 00:33:58,390
the Amazon's trees release
so much moisture from the surface

242
00:33:58,390 --> 00:34:02,030
of their leaves that they create
their own clouds.

243
00:34:02,030 --> 00:34:03,870
THUNDER RUMBLES

244
00:34:03,870 --> 00:34:05,990
And these,
over the course of a year,

245
00:34:05,990 --> 00:34:08,830
release up to six metres of rain.

246
00:34:13,630 --> 00:34:16,390
The water flows
through the saturated forest

247
00:34:16,390 --> 00:34:18,550
along 1,000 streams.

248
00:34:21,550 --> 00:34:26,350
They eventually unite to form
the largest river of them all.

249
00:34:30,030 --> 00:34:32,110
The Amazon carries more water

250
00:34:32,110 --> 00:34:35,510
than the world's next seven
biggest rivers combined.

251
00:34:38,750 --> 00:34:42,470
Some sections of its banks
are particularly sought-after.

252
00:34:53,430 --> 00:34:57,230
Scarlet macaws travel
over 50 miles to visit them.

253
00:35:05,230 --> 00:35:07,790
Macaw couples bond for life,

254
00:35:07,790 --> 00:35:10,590
and may stick together
for over 40 years.

255
00:35:19,230 --> 00:35:23,710
Pairs return to favourite trees -
ones they've known for decades.

256
00:35:28,150 --> 00:35:31,510
Parents provide their chicks
with fruits and seeds.

257
00:35:33,030 --> 00:35:37,510
But they're far from the ocean,
and their diet lacks salt.

258
00:35:37,510 --> 00:35:41,950
Without it, the chicks' brains
and bones will not develop properly.

259
00:35:43,990 --> 00:35:46,750
So, someone has to go and fetch it.

260
00:35:59,350 --> 00:36:02,270
Many other creatures
are looking for the same thing.

261
00:36:07,910 --> 00:36:09,310
A clay lick.

262
00:36:11,550 --> 00:36:16,030
The earth here may be 40 times
richer in valuable minerals

263
00:36:16,030 --> 00:36:18,750
than anywhere else
in the surrounding forest.

264
00:36:23,030 --> 00:36:26,470
Over a dozen species of parrot
jostle for space.

265
00:36:29,310 --> 00:36:32,870
There's a strict order
in who feeds first.

266
00:36:38,470 --> 00:36:41,590
Everyone is in a rush to fill up
and get airborne.

267
00:37:08,510 --> 00:37:12,790
Parents have to carry over five
kilograms of clay to their nest

268
00:37:12,790 --> 00:37:14,710
before their chicks
are ready to leave.

269
00:37:18,870 --> 00:37:21,510
Once fledged, these young
will follow their parents

270
00:37:21,510 --> 00:37:23,350
for up to a year,

271
00:37:23,350 --> 00:37:25,990
learning where to find the salts.

272
00:37:38,670 --> 00:37:43,230
Many of the great riches
of South America lie far beyond

273
00:37:43,230 --> 00:37:44,230
the Amazon basin.

274
00:37:48,750 --> 00:37:51,790
Over 1,000 miles
to the south of the Amazon,

275
00:37:51,790 --> 00:37:55,310
there's one creek
unlike any other on the continent.

276
00:38:10,150 --> 00:38:15,310
Here, at Bonito, freshwater springs
bubble up from deep underground.

277
00:38:20,390 --> 00:38:24,590
Filtered through limestone,
they create crystal-clear pools.

278
00:38:27,430 --> 00:38:30,670
And in them
live some remarkable fish.

279
00:38:32,990 --> 00:38:34,630
Piraputanga.

280
00:38:36,070 --> 00:38:39,550
The water is so clear
that they're able to see

281
00:38:39,550 --> 00:38:42,150
what is going on above its surface.

282
00:38:49,270 --> 00:38:52,470
Brown capuchins are up there,
looking for a meal.

283
00:39:01,430 --> 00:39:03,870
The piraputanga
watch them attentively.

284
00:39:05,990 --> 00:39:08,750
Wherever the monkeys go
along the banks,

285
00:39:08,750 --> 00:39:10,030
the fish follow.

286
00:39:19,150 --> 00:39:23,190
The monkeys are on their daily
search for ripe fruit -

287
00:39:23,190 --> 00:39:27,550
and the fish cannot, by themselves,
know where that might be.

288
00:39:30,870 --> 00:39:32,110
But here it is.

289
00:39:41,790 --> 00:39:46,150
And fortunately, the monkeys
aren't the neatest of feeders.

290
00:40:05,430 --> 00:40:07,070
Every scrap is fought over.

291
00:40:15,030 --> 00:40:18,830
One monkey has the job
of keeping an eye out for danger.

292
00:40:32,270 --> 00:40:35,150
Anacondas are the largest
of all snakes.

293
00:40:39,830 --> 00:40:42,470
They grow to over 200 kilos.

294
00:40:45,670 --> 00:40:48,790
And they usually stalk their prey
from the water.

295
00:40:53,870 --> 00:40:56,510
But it's not fish
that they're after.

296
00:41:08,230 --> 00:41:12,230
If the monkeys stray
too close to the water,

297
00:41:12,230 --> 00:41:13,470
they will be in danger.

298
00:41:26,230 --> 00:41:28,710
CAPUCHIN CHIRPS
The scout gives a warning call.

299
00:41:41,950 --> 00:41:45,230
That might have to be the end
of the monkey's meal for today.

300
00:41:49,070 --> 00:41:52,110
But now the piraputanga know
where the fruit is.

301
00:41:53,910 --> 00:41:56,590
And there's still plenty left
on the tree.

302
00:42:01,030 --> 00:42:04,270
In the monkey's absence,
they go for it themselves.

303
00:42:15,030 --> 00:42:18,470
Success or failure
is just a matter of millimetres.

304
00:42:34,750 --> 00:42:36,950
With a split-second adjustment,

305
00:42:36,950 --> 00:42:39,190
the fish bends in mid-air

306
00:42:39,190 --> 00:42:40,750
and collects the prize.

307
00:43:04,510 --> 00:43:08,550
The piraputanga's extraordinary
feeding technique relies on

308
00:43:08,550 --> 00:43:10,350
these waters remaining clear.

309
00:43:17,190 --> 00:43:20,230
But today, the future
of South America's rivers

310
00:43:20,230 --> 00:43:21,870
has become uncertain.

311
00:43:26,110 --> 00:43:28,550
As the human population has grown,

312
00:43:28,550 --> 00:43:30,830
people have become more and more

313
00:43:30,830 --> 00:43:34,630
reliant on its rivers for one
of the essentials of modern life.

314
00:43:37,670 --> 00:43:38,910
Power.

315
00:43:41,990 --> 00:43:46,910
Two thirds of South America's energy
now comes from hydro electricity.

316
00:43:48,910 --> 00:43:52,750
No other region on Earth
is so dependent upon it.

317
00:43:54,590 --> 00:43:57,990
But the way these dams are managed
can cause problems

318
00:43:57,990 --> 00:43:59,590
farther downriver.

319
00:44:06,550 --> 00:44:09,070
These are the Iguazu Falls.

320
00:44:15,310 --> 00:44:19,750
If the dams upriver
suddenly release their excess,

321
00:44:19,750 --> 00:44:21,750
Iguazu can double in size.

322
00:44:27,470 --> 00:44:31,270
And that can cause major problems
for animals that live here.

323
00:44:39,030 --> 00:44:41,590
These are great dusky swifts.

324
00:44:41,590 --> 00:44:45,150
They fly alarmingly close
to the thundering torrent...

325
00:44:47,990 --> 00:44:49,230
..and then vanish.

326
00:44:55,910 --> 00:45:00,190
Miraculously, they're able to fly
right through the curtain of water.

327
00:45:04,670 --> 00:45:07,870
And they do so
because they've built their nests

328
00:45:07,870 --> 00:45:09,750
behind the thundering curtain.

329
00:45:13,230 --> 00:45:17,430
Their enemies - falcons, like this
caracara - can't follow them.

330
00:45:20,270 --> 00:45:22,510
So, the swift chicks are safe.

331
00:45:38,590 --> 00:45:43,030
But now, humans have created
new problems for the swifts.

332
00:45:44,750 --> 00:45:47,510
Just as some of the chicks
are starting to fly,

333
00:45:47,510 --> 00:45:51,150
the spill over the dams
is released in full force.

334
00:46:04,710 --> 00:46:08,750
As the torrent grows,
parents give up on the last perches.

335
00:46:21,950 --> 00:46:24,430
Now the chicks are alone.

336
00:46:30,790 --> 00:46:33,830
But they don't yet have
their parents' waterproof feathers.

337
00:46:38,110 --> 00:46:43,150
Every year, these sudden surges
of water sweep some to their death.

338
00:46:46,110 --> 00:46:49,270
CHICK CHIRPS VIGOROUSLY

339
00:46:52,350 --> 00:46:56,150
The chicks have never seen the world
beyond the falling waters.

340
00:47:08,550 --> 00:47:10,670
Unless they can find a way through,

341
00:47:10,670 --> 00:47:12,390
they will not survive.

342
00:47:35,590 --> 00:47:38,830
Amazingly, driven by blind instinct,

343
00:47:38,830 --> 00:47:41,710
chicks do manage
to power their way through.

344
00:47:56,710 --> 00:48:00,350
These remarkable birds
have colonised a niche

345
00:48:00,350 --> 00:48:02,350
in which few can survive.

346
00:48:05,710 --> 00:48:10,390
Yet their future - and that of
all wildlife in South America -

347
00:48:10,390 --> 00:48:15,790
will depend on us striking a balance
between the needs of humans

348
00:48:15,790 --> 00:48:21,470
and animals on the richest and
most diverse continent on Earth.

349
00:48:40,590 --> 00:48:44,190
To film one of South America's
most elusive predators,

350
00:48:44,190 --> 00:48:48,270
the Seven Worlds team will travel
to the far south of the continent.

351
00:48:55,070 --> 00:48:59,030
Their aim was to capture footage
of wild pumas hunting.

352
00:49:00,950 --> 00:49:04,590
But what the team encountered
was the struggle of a mother

353
00:49:04,590 --> 00:49:06,630
desperate to feed her family.

354
00:49:10,190 --> 00:49:14,910
Chile's Torres del Paine
covers nearly 1,000 square miles.

355
00:49:17,350 --> 00:49:21,110
Cameraman John Shier has been coming
here for eight years,

356
00:49:21,110 --> 00:49:25,270
but even he has never witnessed
a successful puma hunt.

357
00:49:26,430 --> 00:49:28,870
With so much ground to cover,

358
00:49:28,870 --> 00:49:33,390
the crew use the latest technology
to scout from the air.

359
00:49:33,390 --> 00:49:35,630
Bertie is setting up the drone,

360
00:49:35,630 --> 00:49:38,350
cos it helps find the cats.

361
00:49:38,350 --> 00:49:42,110
Get a unique perspective on exactly
where they are in this habitat.

362
00:49:47,870 --> 00:49:50,790
But expert tracker Roberto Donoso

363
00:49:50,790 --> 00:49:53,430
has 15 years' experience here,

364
00:49:53,430 --> 00:49:54,910
and he relies on help

365
00:49:54,910 --> 00:49:56,870
from a surprising local.

366
00:50:01,150 --> 00:50:02,870
No-one can spot a puma

367
00:50:02,870 --> 00:50:04,630
as well as a guanaco.

368
00:50:05,870 --> 00:50:07,390
GUANACO TRILLS

369
00:50:08,550 --> 00:50:11,390
John is first to pick up the clues.

370
00:50:11,390 --> 00:50:14,070
Hey. Cat? Cat, yeah. Cat.
Got a cat, OK.

371
00:50:17,830 --> 00:50:19,910
You can see the...

372
00:50:19,910 --> 00:50:22,510
..guanaco from the other side,
alarm-calling.

373
00:50:22,510 --> 00:50:26,030
GUANACO TRILLS

374
00:50:29,230 --> 00:50:31,830
That cat is just sat on the ridge.

375
00:50:31,830 --> 00:50:34,510
And the full moon has just risen
right behind it.

376
00:50:35,550 --> 00:50:37,350
It's almost cheesy.

377
00:50:39,790 --> 00:50:41,310
Our very first puma.

378
00:50:44,670 --> 00:50:47,750
Once John starts to get his eye in,

379
00:50:47,750 --> 00:50:51,550
he realises he's being watched
by more than one cat.

380
00:50:58,310 --> 00:50:59,870
It's crazy - so we're sitting here,

381
00:50:59,870 --> 00:51:02,270
we've got this young male

382
00:51:02,270 --> 00:51:04,790
over the ridge,
so we've got that cat.

383
00:51:04,790 --> 00:51:08,750
While you're sitting here, you hear
other guanaco alarming other spots.

384
00:51:08,750 --> 00:51:11,670
And you realise that...
there's just cats roaming

385
00:51:11,670 --> 00:51:13,550
all around the landscape.

386
00:51:13,550 --> 00:51:17,590
Over the coming days, John sees
more puma than ever before.

387
00:51:19,430 --> 00:51:23,430
The situation is like
nothing the crew expected.

388
00:51:23,430 --> 00:51:26,910
For a long time, we used to say
that trying to spot puma was so

389
00:51:26,910 --> 00:51:28,790
unusual and so rare.

390
00:51:28,790 --> 00:51:31,790
But the real remarkable thing
is, actually,

391
00:51:31,790 --> 00:51:33,870
we're seeing cats every day.

392
00:51:35,190 --> 00:51:39,830
And to think that there's this many
puma around is just incredible.

393
00:51:39,830 --> 00:51:43,350
After decades of persecution
by humans,

394
00:51:43,350 --> 00:51:45,950
puma are now protected
in southern Chile

395
00:51:45,950 --> 00:51:47,470
and making a comeback.

396
00:51:52,230 --> 00:51:54,870
But to stand any chance
of seeing them hunt,

397
00:51:54,870 --> 00:51:58,110
the crew would need to find
just the right cat.

398
00:52:02,190 --> 00:52:06,430
Three weeks in, John has spotted
something promising.

399
00:52:06,430 --> 00:52:07,750
He alerts the crew.

400
00:52:11,030 --> 00:52:14,870
RADIO: Not that far,
it's just up here to my right,

401
00:52:14,870 --> 00:52:16,750
about 100 yards from me.

402
00:52:16,750 --> 00:52:18,550
See, he's to the right.

403
00:52:18,550 --> 00:52:21,750
But closer to...
Oh, I got him. Yeah, yeah.

404
00:52:23,190 --> 00:52:25,030
Wow. That's four, all right.

405
00:52:26,910 --> 00:52:28,270
Looks like a pride of lions.

406
00:52:30,750 --> 00:52:34,990
A mother with three cubs - and
Roberto knows exactly who she is.

407
00:52:37,830 --> 00:52:40,030
Her name is Sarmiento.

408
00:52:42,710 --> 00:52:46,950
Her struggle to feed her family
is now the crew's main focus.

409
00:52:49,990 --> 00:52:51,830
The challenge is to keep up.

410
00:52:54,070 --> 00:52:59,230
A mother on the search for food
will roam vast distances.

411
00:52:59,230 --> 00:53:01,350
Seven miles, they've walked.

412
00:53:01,350 --> 00:53:03,470
Haven't stopped walking.

413
00:53:03,470 --> 00:53:06,470
For the crew, this means
dragging heavy equipment

414
00:53:06,470 --> 00:53:07,990
over difficult terrain.

415
00:53:11,750 --> 00:53:14,590
So, we've been following the cats
so much that there's now

416
00:53:14,590 --> 00:53:16,190
a hole in the bottom of my shoe.

417
00:53:19,670 --> 00:53:22,750
Unpredictable weather
makes it even harder.

418
00:53:40,870 --> 00:53:43,430
Five weeks in...

419
00:53:43,430 --> 00:53:47,230
..and John finally thinks Sarmiento
might have some luck.

420
00:53:47,230 --> 00:53:49,670
So, it's more of a hope,
but I think she's going to get

421
00:53:49,670 --> 00:53:51,030
one of these guanaco today.

422
00:53:51,030 --> 00:53:53,430
There's been a big herd
that's streaming into this valley.

423
00:53:53,430 --> 00:53:55,390
And for the last two hours,
she's just been watching them

424
00:53:55,390 --> 00:53:56,830
with laser focus.

425
00:53:56,830 --> 00:53:59,070
Fingers crossed today's the day.

426
00:54:10,630 --> 00:54:12,750
GUANACO SCREECHES

427
00:54:26,270 --> 00:54:27,350
HE SIGHS

428
00:54:30,910 --> 00:54:33,070
She fought so hard,
the guanaco fought really hard.

429
00:54:33,070 --> 00:54:34,830
In the end, she didn't get it.

430
00:54:34,830 --> 00:54:38,070
It's amazing how she has to fight
to just get a meal, to survive.

431
00:54:38,070 --> 00:54:41,390
Trying to take down
an animal as large as a guanaco

432
00:54:41,390 --> 00:54:43,630
has left Sarmiento badly injured.

433
00:54:45,670 --> 00:54:48,230
RADIO CHATTER

434
00:55:06,470 --> 00:55:09,150
Every failed attempt,
she gets weaker.

435
00:55:09,150 --> 00:55:13,030
Yeah. Got it. It was close,
but she got thrown off pretty good.

436
00:55:14,150 --> 00:55:17,070
But a hungry mother
doesn't give up easily.

437
00:55:23,190 --> 00:55:25,230
There's a group of guanacos
down there.

438
00:55:25,230 --> 00:55:28,710
So, we're trying to get in a good
position to launch the drone.

439
00:55:28,710 --> 00:55:30,870
He's here. Yeah, I got it.

440
00:55:30,870 --> 00:55:31,870
She's coming down.

441
00:55:33,990 --> 00:55:36,990
The crew will only have seconds
to get into position.

442
00:55:42,870 --> 00:55:44,910
50. 50 metres. 50.

443
00:55:48,750 --> 00:55:50,790
ON RADIO: OK. 20. 20 metres.

444
00:55:50,790 --> 00:55:51,910
It's time. 20 metres.

445
00:55:56,870 --> 00:55:59,310
Go on, it's running, it's running!

446
00:56:13,750 --> 00:56:15,990
Witnessing
this life-and-death battle

447
00:56:15,990 --> 00:56:17,350
is difficult.

448
00:56:20,470 --> 00:56:25,230
But at last, John sees
Sarmiento provide for her cubs.

449
00:56:26,350 --> 00:56:28,470
I feel greatly relieved.

450
00:56:28,470 --> 00:56:31,390
It's been 30 days,
100 miles of walking with her,

451
00:56:31,390 --> 00:56:33,150
and...we finally got her doing it.

452
00:56:35,350 --> 00:56:38,510
During the chase, I was thinking,
"This time, please, get it down."

453
00:56:38,510 --> 00:56:41,150
There's been three chases
where it got away.

454
00:56:42,990 --> 00:56:46,070
The cubs have got food now,
she had to fight for it.

455
00:56:46,070 --> 00:56:49,990
Conservation efforts here
have given these secretive cats

456
00:56:49,990 --> 00:56:55,190
a rare safe haven, enabling the team
to capture a filming first...

457
00:56:56,830 --> 00:57:00,630
..and tell the remarkable story
of a fearless mother

458
00:57:00,630 --> 00:57:03,230
at the far edge of South America.

459
00:57:08,790 --> 00:57:11,030
Next time...

460
00:57:11,030 --> 00:57:15,510
..a continent marooned
during the time of the dinosaurs,

461
00:57:15,510 --> 00:57:17,270
where the castaways...

462
00:57:19,150 --> 00:57:21,350
..are like nothing else on Earth.

463
00:57:28,470 --> 00:57:29,910
Australia.

464
00:57:30,305 --> 00:57:36,918
Support us and become VIP member 
to remove all ads from www.OpenSubtitles.org